Comparison of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block and knee periarticular infiltration for postoperative pain and functional outcomes in knee arthroplasty in cardiac patients – A randomised trial

Abstract

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block (GNB) and knee periarticular infiltration (KPI) in managing postoperative pain and improving functional outcomes following knee arthroplasty.
Methods: A total of 120 patients scheduled for knee arthroplasty were randomly assigned to the GNB or KPI group. GNB involved ultrasound-guided genicular nerve blocks, while KPI included knee periarticular infiltration during surgery. Postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, range of motion, and functional outcomes were assessed at specified intervals. Safety profiles and complications were meticulously documented.
Results: The GNB group exhibited significantly lower postoperative pain scores at all assessed time points compared to the KPI group. Opioid consumption was also markedly reduced in the GNB group. However, no significant differences were observed in functional outcomes between the two groups. Both interventions demonstrated favorable safety profiles with minimal complications.
Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block provides superior postoperative pain control and reduces opioid consumption compared to knee periarticular infiltration in knee arthroplasty. While both interventions result in comparable functional outcomes, the choice between GNB and KPI should be guided by a nuanced consideration of pain management priorities and patient-specific factors.